Which state in India has the highest cancer rate?

Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in a tissue or organ can lead to cancer. More than 100 different types of cancer exist, and they can affect almost any type of cell, including those in the skin, tissues, organs, and blood. Numerous malignancies can metastasize, or spread to different regions of the body. Numerous variables, including diet, environment, physical activity, and genetics, might affect cancer risk. Males have greater cancer rates than females in practically every type of cancer and are around 20% more likely than females to develop cancer. According to estimates, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide.

States With the Highest Cancer Rates in India

Cancer was one of the most common causes of death (9%) in India, where non-communicable diseases were projected to account for 63% of all fatalities.

Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and Hospital-Based Cancer Registries (HBCRs) under the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) have been systematically collecting data on cancer, and have published reports on cancer from different registries across India. 

India has a diverse cancer population. However with the highest number of cases in some states in the northeast, it can be called the cancer capital of India. The greatest incidence rate for both sexes was seen in North East India according to Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs). Mizoram, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh are states with highest cancer rates in India.

The Aizawl district was found to have the highest death rate among men. Males between the ages of 0-74 are more likely to develop cancer in the Aizawl district of Mizoram, Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh, East Khasi Hills district, and Kamrup urban areas. In the age range of 0 to 74 years, the likelihood of developing cancer is one in four for women in the Papum Pare district and one in five for women in the state of Mizoram.

Incidence rates (number of newly detected cases) in the Aizawl district are 7 times higher in males and 4 times higher in females than those in Osmanabad and Beed districts, respectively. In comparison to other regions of India, the NE region has the highest cancer incidence rate. 

Manipur and Mizoram states have the highest number of lung cancers.

Meghalayas East Khasi Hills district has the largest population of tobacco-related cancers, with 70.4% of male cases and 46.5% of female cases, respectively. The NE states have the highest percentage of cancers linked to cigarette use, followed by the West and Central regions.

Among the types, Nasopharynx, hypopharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, larynx, lung, breast, and cervix uteri are the most common cancer sites in the North-East region.

As seen by the low 5-year survival rates for breast, cervical, and head and neck cancer in the Northeast region when compared to the rest of India, the region lacks the necessary infrastructure in terms of specialized treatment facilities and human resources. A sizable fraction of cancer patients from the Northeast region go outside of the Northeast for cancer care and treatment. Indias cancer incidence pattern varies, possibly as a result of local cultural variables and lifestyle preferences.

Apart from North-East India, the most prevalent malignancies in men are those of the nasopharynx, throat, esophagus, stomach, and lungs. While mouth cancer is more common in the West and Central regions, lung cancer is more common in metropolitan areas and the southern region. The most prevalent cancers among men on the Indian subcontinent are lung and oral/mouth cancers. Lung cancer cases have also significantly increased among females in India.

Currently, breast cancer and cancer of the uterus are the most common cancers among women in India, posing a serious public health issue that requires significant assistance from numerous health and other authorities to address. Metropolitan areas report the greatest frequency of breast cancer cases. Most cases of breast and cervix uteri cancer are discovered when they are already locally progressed. The most popular kind of treatment for cancer of the cervix and uterus being used in India is chemotherapy.

The districts of Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam in the Indian state of Kerala have the highest incidence rates of thyroid cancer among women.

Numerous anatomical areas have been linked to cancer, and tobacco smoking is one of them. According to PBCR data, tobacco usage in India is known to contribute to roughly one-third of cancer cases. The largest estimated risk factor for cancer in India, according to collaborators on the state-level disease burden project for that country, is tobacco use. The two primary risk factors for lung cancer in India are tobacco use and air pollution.

In India, modifiable risk factors could prevent 70% of cancer cases.

In India, Lung cancer affects one in 68 men, breast cancer affects one in 29 women, and one in nine Indians will get cancer in their lifetime (0-74 years of age). Lung, mouth, prostate, tongue, and stomach cancers are predicted to account for 36% of all male cancers in 2020 in India, while breast, cervix uteri, ovary, corpus uteri, and lung cancers are predicted to account for 53% of all female cancers.

In India, the majority of patients with breast cancer, cancers of the cervix and uteri, stomach cancer, and cancer of the head and neck are diagnosed when the cancer has already reached an advanced state. Additionally, more than half of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed when the cancer has metastasized to other body parts and there was a delay in diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Multimodality is the first choice of treatment in India for treating cancer.

Cancer with highest mortality rate

In every nation on earth, cancer ranks as a primary cause of mortality and a significant roadblock to raising life expectancy. According to World Health Organization (WHO) projections from 2019, cancer is the third or fourth major cause of death before the age of 70 in 23 nations, while it is the first or second main cause in 112 of 183 countries and lung cancer is cancer with highest mortality rate. The fact that cancer is becoming more prevalent as a leading cause of death is partially due to the notable declines in stroke and coronary heart disease mortality rates worldwide. 

Nearly 10 million people died from cancer worldwide in 2020, making it the top cause of death.

These were the most typical reasons in 2020, for cancer-related deaths:

• Deaths from lung cancer (1.80 million), 
• Deaths from colon and rectum cancer (916 000), 
• Deaths from liver cancer (830 000), 
• Deaths from stomach cancer (769 000), and 
• Deaths from breast cancer (685 000 deaths).

Throughout the world, 400 000 children are given a cancer diagnosis every year. The most prevalent cancers differ between nations. In 23 countries of the world, cervical cancer is the most prevalent type.

Highest cancer rate in the world

In terms of new cancer cases, according to World Health Organisation (WHO) the most prevalent cancer in the world in 2020 is:

Breast cancer (2.26 million cases),

Lung cancer (2.21 million cases), 

Colon and rectum cancer (1.93 million cases),

Prostate cancer (1.41 million cases), 

Skin cancer (non-melanoma) (1.20 million cases), and 

Stomach cancer (1.09 million cases) will be the most prevalent cancer type worldwide in 2020

Breast Cancer: Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most prevalent type of cancer worldwide and has the highest cancer rate in the world now, with 2.3 million new cases, or 11.7% of all cancer cases, in 2020. It is the sixth most prevalent cause of cancer mortality in the world, accounting for 685,000 fatalities. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women, accounting for 1 in 4 new cases and 1 in 6 cancer-related deaths per year worldwide (159 of 185 countries)

Lung cancer: Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer diagnosed and the main cause of cancer mortality in 2020, accounting for roughly one in ten (11.4%) cancer diagnoses and one in five (18.0%) fatalities, with a predicted 2.2 million new cancer cases and 1.8 million deaths. In comparison to breast and colorectal cancer, lung cancer ranks third in incidence and second in terms of mortality in women. In men, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer in men in 36 countries and the most common cancer-related mortality in 93 nations.

Colorectal cancer: In 2020, it was predicted that there will be more than 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer (including anus) and 935,000 deaths, accounting for around one in ten cancer cases and fatalities. Overall, colorectal cancer ranks second in terms of mortality but third in terms of incidence. Although there is less fluctuation in death rates due to the greater fatality rates in developing nations, incidence rates are almost four times higher in developed countries than in developing and emerging countries.

Prostate cancer: Prostate cancer is the second most common disease and the fifth major cause of cancer mortality among men in 2020, with an expected 1.4 million new cases and 375,000 deaths globally. In more than half (112 of 185) of the worlds nations, it is cancer in men that is most frequently diagnosed. Regionally, the highest rates of several prostate cancer cases occur in Northern and Western Europe, the Caribbean, Australia/New Zealand, Northern America, and Southern Africa, and the lowest rates occur in Asia and Northern Africa.

Stomach cancer: Stomach cancer, which ranks fifth for incidence and fourth for fatality globally, has accounted for almost one million new cases of cancer in 2020 and an estimated 769,000 fatalities (equating to one death for every 13 worldwide). Male rates are two times higher than female rates. In certain South Central Asian nations, it is the most often diagnosed cancer in men and the main cause of cancer death.

Liver cancer: In 2020, primary liver cancer accounted for over 906,000 new cases and 830,000 cancer-related deaths worldwide, making it the sixth most frequently diagnosed malignancy. In most locations, rates of both incidence and mortality are 2 to 3 times greater for men than for women, and liver cancer ranks fifth globally in terms of incidence and second for mortality among men.

Top 10 Cancer Countries 

 cancer tends to be more prevalent in high-income countries, owing to lifestyle elements such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity. Fortunately, they are mostly developed nations with good healthcare systems that can identify and cure cancer more effectively than those in developing and low-income nations. Furthermore, the survival rates for cancer in every nation are continuing to rise thanks to developments in medical knowledge and technology.

Even though a smaller number of cancer patients die due to the disease, the overall percentage of cancer-related deaths is on the rise. This is sometimes ascribed to the fact that the worlds population is aging faster than ever before, which increases the risk of developing cancer.

According to WHO, the following are the highest cancer rates in the top 10 cancer Countries (2020 Age-Standardized Rates per 100k)

1. Australia — 452.4
2. New Zealand — 422.9
3. Ireland — 372.8
4. United States — 362.2
5. Denmark — 351.1
6. Netherlands — 349.6
7. Belgium — 349.2
8. Canada — 348.0
9. France — 341.9
10. Hungary — 338.2

At 452.4 reported cases of cancer, per 100,000 persons, Australia has the highest cancer rate in the world. Breast cancer and melanoma rates in Australia are among the highest in the world. The following two countries are New Zealand and Ireland. However, with only 40.4 occurrences per 100,000 people, Niger has the lowest cancer rate in the world, closely followed by Gambia and Nepal.

Its crucial to keep in mind that these figures represent cancers that have been identified, not the overall number of instances. The fact that many individuals lack access to quality healthcare means that their cancers are remaining misdiagnosed, which likely suppresses case counts in developing nations like Niger, Gambia, and Nepal.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the facilities provided in India for cancer treatment?

Hospital facilities for cancer treatment include:

• 24-hour emergency ambulatory services
• contemporary infrastructure
• consultations with doctors one-on-one
• Nursing professionals with expertise and training
• private lodging suites
• setting up a route of transportation
• Food and lodging for the sufferer and their family
• Exchange-rate facility
  
  

Why do people go to India for cancer treatment?

There are numerous cancer treatment options available in India, and each one is specifically designed to address the needs and circumstances of the patient. Indian cancer treatment facilities increasingly use cutting-edge methods to combat the disease. The majority of hospitals in India frequently do robotic surgery. In India, there are also modern therapies including proton therapy, cyber-knife surgery, and non-invasive robotic radiation therapy. In Indian hospitals, both medical and non-medical staff give patients the best possible cancer care, and these medical professionals are also very talented, knowledgeable, and experienced. In addition, cancer treatment in India is less expensive than in other nations.

Conclusion

Roughly 10 million deaths, or nearly one in six deaths, will be caused by cancer in 2020, making it the top cause of death globally. The most prevalent types of cancer include the cancers of Breast, lung, colon, rectum, and prostate cancers. The use of tobacco, having a high body mass index, drinking alcohol, and not exercising account for about one-third of cancer-related fatalities. 

One of the biggest health issues in the world is cancer. Death rates only account for cancer mortality. However, cancer has a greater impact on peoples lives than that. Its crucial to record the morbidity brought on by cancer as well because many people live with the disease for extended periods. If caught early and appropriately treated, many cancers are curable.

Two significant developments are in line with the idea that the world is slowly progressing in its fight against cancer. Smoking is to blame for over a quarter of all cancer fatalities. Since smoking is becoming less popular worldwide (particularly quickly in wealthy nations where it was previously quite prevalent), lung cancer death rates are also declining significantly in many nations.

Second, the 5-year survival rates for malignancies are rising, and the evidence points to earlier cancer detection and improved treatment as contributing factors.

Given that cancer is one of the most significant health issues in the world, a 15% improvement in 27 years is not a screaming success. However, it does demonstrate that efforts to combat it are being made slowly.

Given the fact that cancer is one of the world’s largest health problems, a 15% improvement in 27 years does not represent roaring success. But it does show that the world is making slow progress against it.