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Lung Cancer from Asbestos

Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers worldwide. As per studies it contributes about 25% of cancer-related deaths globally. Lung cancer quickly infect other organs such as the brain, liver, or bones. While smoking is the primary cause for this disease, exposure to harmful substances like asbestos is another reason. Asbestos exposure can increase the risk of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. In this article, we will explore what asbestos is, how it leads to lung cancer, and what you can do to minimise the risks.

What is Asbestos?

Asbestos is a natural mineral made of strong, tiny fibres. It was widely used in construction, insulation, automotive parts, and other products during the 20th century because it resists heat, chemicals, and electricity. However, over time, it was discovered that inhaling asbestos fibres could be harmful to health.

When asbestos materials are disrupted, they release tiny fibres into the air. These fibres are so small that people can breathe them in without noticing. Fibres cause irritation and scarring once they reach the lungs, and long-term exposure causes serious lung diseases, including cancer.

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How Does Asbestos Cause Lung Cancer?

When asbestos fibres are inhaled, they settle deep in the lungs. Immune system tries to remove these fibres, but it struggles to break them down. This causes chronic inflammation and damages lung tissues. Long-term irritation causes mutations in the lung cells, leading to cancer.

According to research, people who have been exposed to asbestos are significantly more likely to develop lung cancer than others who have not. The risk is even higher for people who are both exposed to asbestos and smoke cigarettes, as the combined effects multiply the damage to the lungs.

Types of Cancer Caused by Asbestos

  1. Lung Cancer: This is the most common type of cancer associated with asbestos exposure. It occurs in the lining of the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body. People exposed to asbestos are five times more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population.
  2. Mesothelioma: This rare form of cancer affects the lining of the chest and abdomen. Mesothelioma is almost exclusively caused by asbestos exposure and has a long latency period, meaning it can take decades for symptoms to appear after the initial exposure.

While both types of cancer are serious and life-threatening, early detection and treatment can improve outcomes.

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Symptoms Of Asbestos Cancer

Lung cancer caused by asbestos exposure shows symptoms similar to other lung cancer. However, these symptoms may not appear until years or even decades after exposure, which is why many cases are diagnosed in the later stages. Common symptoms include:

  • Persistent cough: A cough that does not go away or worsens over time.
  • Chest pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest, especially when breathing deeply, coughing, or laughing.
  • Shortness of breath: Difficulty in breathing or a feeling of tension in the chest.
  • Wheezing: A whistling sound when breathing, caused by narrowing of the airways.
  • Coughing up blood: A serious sign that requires immediate medical attention.
  • Weight loss: A sudden, unexplained weight loss.
  • Fatigue: Persistent tiredness, even after resting.

If you have been exposed to asbestos and are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible for a thorough evaluation.

Diagnosing Asbestos Lung Cancer

Following steps involved in diagnosing lung cancer caused by asbestos exposure:

  1. Medical History: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any potential exposure to asbestos in your work or environment.
  2. Imaging Tests: Doctors perform X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to create detailed images of the lungs. These tests can detect abnormalities, such as tumors or scarring, that may indicate cancer.
  3. Biopsy: If a suspicious mass is found, a biopsy may be performed. This involves taking a small sample of lung tissue to check for cancer cells.
  4. Pulmonary Function Tests: These tests measure how well your lungs are working, which can help determine the extent of lung damage.

Early diagnosis can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment, so it is crucial not to ignore any symptoms if you suspect asbestos exposure.

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Occupations At Risk For Asbestos

Certain occupations are at a higher risk of asbestos exposure. Many of these industries relied heavily on asbestos-containing materials before its dangers were widely known. Some high-risk occupations include:

  • Construction Workers: Asbestos was commonly used in building materials such as insulation, roofing, and tiles. Construction workers, particularly those involved in demolition or renovation, are at risk of disturbing asbestos fibers.
  • Shipyard Workers: Asbestos was frequently used in shipbuilding for insulation and fireproofing, putting shipyard workers at high risk of exposure.
  • Factory Workers: Employees who worked in factories that manufactured asbestos-containing products, such as textiles, automotive parts, and insulation, were exposed daily.
  • Firefighters: Firefighters may encounter asbestos in older buildings during rescue operations.
  • Mechanics: Asbestos was used in vehicle brake pads, clutches, and other automotive components. Mechanics working on older vehicles may be exposed to asbestos dust.

If you work or have worked in one of these industries, it is essential to monitor your health closely and inform your doctor about any potential asbestos exposure.

Preventing Asbestos Exposure

While asbestos use has decreased significantly in recent years, it still exists in many older buildings and materials.

Here are some steps you can take to reduce the risk of exposure:

  1. Identify Asbestos-Containing Materials: If you live or work in an older building, have it inspected for asbestos before any renovation or demolition work. Asbestos-containing materials should be handled by professionals trained in safe removal techniques.
  2. Wear Protective Gear: If you work in an industry where asbestos exposure is possible, always wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as respirators, gloves, and coveralls.
  3. Avoid Asbestos Materials: If you suspect that asbestos is present in your home or workplace, do not attempt to remove it yourself. Asbestos-containing materials can release harmful fibers into the air. Instead, contact a licensed asbestos removal specialist.
  4. Educate Yourself: Stay informed about the risks of asbestos and how to protect yourself. Many industries now provide training for workers who may encounter asbestos in their jobs.

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Treatment For Asbestos Lung Cancer

If lung cancer is diagnosed, the treatment options will depend on the stage and severity of the disease. Common treatments include:

  • Surgery: If the cancer is detected early, surgery may be performed to remove the tumour or affected portion of the lung.
  • Chemotherapy: This treatment involves using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing.
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy radiation is used to target and destroy cancer cells in the lungs.
  • Targeted Therapy: In some cases, newer treatments that specifically target cancer cells without affecting healthy tissue may be used.

Treatment for lung cancer caused by asbestos can be complex and should be discussed thoroughly with a healthcare professional. Consider visiting best thoracic surgeon for consultation. They will guide you about your condition before proceeding for any treatment. Will use latest technologies to cure lung cancer. Lung cancer is curable in some cases or if detected early.

Compensation For Asbestos Exposure

In many countries, individuals diagnosed with lung cancer due to asbestos exposure may be entitled for compensation. This is especially true for workers who were exposed to asbestos on the job without proper protection or warning. Compensation may help cover medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs associated with the illness.

If you believe your lung cancer is related to asbestos exposure, consider checking the compensation policy of your country. You check with specialists who know about asbestos related cases. Their guidance will be helpful to understand whether you are eligible for compensation or not.

Conclusion

Lung cancer from asbestos is a serious and preventable disease. If you have been exposed to asbestos, it is important to stay attentive about your health and seek medical attention at the first sign of symptoms. While the use of asbestos has decreased in many parts of the world, it still poses a risk, especially in older buildings and certain industries.

By understanding the dangers of asbestos, taking steps to minimize exposure, and seeking early diagnosis and treatment, you can significantly improve your chances of a healthier future. And remember, prevention is always better than cure, so protect yourself, stay informed, and consult with professionals if you are ever in doubt.

If in doubt or seeking lung cancer treatment, consulting a thoracic surgeon is recommended. Thoracic surgeons specialise in treating lung diseases, chest injuries, and symptoms like persistent cough, chest pain, or shortness of breath. During your visit, they will review your medical history, conduct a physical exam, and may suggest diagnostic tests like CT scans or X-rays.

For good consultation consider visiting Dr. Arvind Kumar, one of India’s leading thoracic surgeons with over 40 years of experience. A graduate of AIIMS, New Delhi, he is renowned for his expertise in advanced lung cancer surgeries using Open, VATS, and Robotic techniques. He provides expert consultation before suggesting any treatment to his patients.

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